Rokeach M 1973 The Nature Of Human Values Pdf Top [ 2K 2025 ]

Rokeach’s work directly inspired:

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The cornerstone of Rokeach’s contribution is his distinction between two types of values: terminal and instrumental. Terminal values refer to end-states of existence—the ultimate goals an individual hopes to achieve during their lifetime, such as "a world at peace," "family security," or "self-respect." In contrast, instrumental values represent preferred modes of conduct, or the means by which one achieves those ends. Examples include being "honest," "ambitious," or "independent." Rokeach posited that while the total number of values is relatively small, the "value system" is a hierarchical arrangement where individuals prioritize certain values over others. Ranking (ordinal measurement) is far more powerful than

This framework provided a psychological map for understanding the Cold War dynamics of the 1970s, but it remains startlingly relevant in today’s polarized political climate. such as "a world at peace

Rokeach did not ask people to simply "agree" with these values. He forced them to rank them. Ranking (ordinal measurement) is far more powerful than rating (interval measurement). It forces cognitive conflict. When you rank "Freedom" above "Equality," you are revealing a specific ideological trade-off that a simple Likert scale would miss.